French 10 Midterm Review

By Elizabeth Schrott

-cer gets ç before “aou” 
            -commençons

-ger gets e before “aou”
            -mangeons

-feminine endings = -ion, -tte, -té (except le comité, le camion, l'avion)

-sequence words:

Beginning

Middle

End

D’abord, premièrement, avant (que), au commencement, au début.

Ensuite, puis, pendant que, alors, comme, quand, lorsque, parce-que, car, maintenant

Après (que), finalement, enfin, en conclusion, à la fin, à la fin de l’histoire.

-Negations:
            Ne…   pas-not
                        pas du tout-not at all
                        point-not, not at all                                *These negations are placed around
                        jamais-never                                         the helping verb*
                        plus-no more, no longer
                        guère-hardly, scarcely
                        rien-nothing
                       
            Ne…   ni…ni-neither, nor
                        que-only
                        aucun (aucune)-no, none                       *These negations are placed around     
                        nulle part-no where                               the helping verb and past participle*
                        personne-no one, nobody                    
-Savoir V Connaître


Savoir

Connaître

To know a fact
To know a fact about a person
To know a skill, language
To know specific parts of
To know where a place is

To know a person
To be versed in a specific discipline
To know/be familiar with an area

Example: Je sais où est Armonk, mais je  ne connais pas cette ville.

-Qui – (verb)
-Que –that (subject and verb)
-Ce-que = what (not question)
-Dont = of which

Gerund:
-can be used in any tense with no changes
-1 subject doing 2 actions simultaneously
-ing form of a verb
-“en” = while
Formation:
            1. put verb in nous form
            2. drop –ons
            3. add “ant”
                                    examples:         Je marche en chantant
                                                            J’ai marché en chantant
                                                            Je marchais en chantant
Subjunctive:
-tense that will not necessarily take place
-expressions
· Il faut que
· Il est nécessaire que
· Il est essential que
· Il est important que
· Il est mieux que (Il vaut mieux que)
· (Je) veux que
-formation
            1. Ils form
            2. Drop –ent
            3. Add ending
                                    je e       nous-imparfait form
                                    tu es     vous-imparfait form
                                    il e        ils ent
-example: Il faut que je boive le café     

Imparfait:
-descriptive
-ongoing actions
-habitual actions
-repeating actions
-background, weather, temperature
-setting
-formation
            1. put verb in nous form
            2. drop –ons
            3. add ending
                        je–ais   nous-ions
                        tu-ais    vous-iez
                        il-ait      ils-aient
-example: I was eating dinner when the phone rang= J’ai mangé le diner quand le telephone sonnait.
*Watch for "ger" and "cer" (The rule still applies)

Plus que Parfait:
-usually used with other past tense to indicate a past action completely completed before the next action occurred.
            Example) Austen had eaten the last piece of cake when his mom screamed “Austen, the cake was for your grandmother!”
                        Passé composé-screamed
                        Plus que parfait- had eaten
                        Imparfait- was for

Passé Composé.
-Irregular verbs with avoir
            avoir -eu
            boire-bu
            connaître-connu
            courir-couru
            coire-cru
            devoir-dû
            falloir-fallu
            lire-lu
            plaire-plu
            pleuvoir-plu
            pouvoir-pu
            recevoir-reçu
            savoir-su
            taire-tu
            tenir-tenu
            valoir-valu
            vivre-vécu
            vouloir-vu
            rire-ri
            suivre-suivi
            asseoir-assis
            mettre-mis
            prendre-pris
            conduire-conduit
            dire-dit
            écrire-écrit
            craindre-craint (joindre-joint, peindre-peint, éteindre-éteint)
            être-été
            faire-fait
            ouvrir-ouvert (offrir-offert, couvrir-couvert, découvrir-découvert)
-Irregular verbs conjugated with être
            aller-allé
            arriver-arrivé
            descendre-descendu
            devenir-devenu
            entrer-entré
            monter-monté
            mourir-mort
            naître-né
            partir-parti
            passer-passé
            rentrer-rentré
            rester-resté
            retourner-retourné
            revenir-revenu
            sortir-sorti
            tomber-tombé
            venire-venu
-past participle of être agrees with the subject
-past participle of avoir agrees with the direct object if it comes before the verb.
-past participle of reflexive verbs agrees with the direct object if it comes before the verb, even though it uses être.

Passé Simple:

Avoir

faire

être

J’eus
Tu eus
Il eut
Nous eûmes
Vous eûtes
Ils eurent

Je fis
Tu fis
Il fit
Nous fîmes
Vous fîtes
Ils furent

Je fus
Tu fus
Il fut
Nous fûmes
Vous fûtes
Ils furent

-To form for regular verbs:
            1. put in infinitive
            2. take away ending, (-er, -it, -e for re)
            3. add ending

-er

-ir

-re

-ai
-as
-a
-âmes
-âtes
-èrent

-is
-is
-it
-îmes
-îtes
-irent

-is
-is
-it
-îmes
-îtes
-irent

Passé Antérieur:
-to form conjugate verb in passé simple and then add the past participle
            example:           J’eus chanté
                                    Tu eus chanté
                                    Il eut chanté     

Future Tense: (The "R" tense)
-To form; put verbs in infinitive and add endings
                        ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont
-Irregular verbs:
            aller-ir
            asseoir-assiér, assoir
            avoir-aur
            courir-courr
            devoir-devr
            envoyer-enverr
            être-ser
            faire-fer
            falloir-faudr
            mourir-mourr
            pleuvoir-pleuvr
            pouvoir-pourr
            recevoir-recevr
            savoir-saur
            tenir-tiendr
            valoir-vaudr
            venir-viendr
            voir-verr
            vouloir-voudr

Future Simple:
            Demanda = a demandé
            Voulut = a voulu
            Pronconça = a proncé
            éclatèrent = a éclaté

French Culture:
1. If French have 3 kids they get a large discount on taxes because the French birth rate is very low.
2. Monaco has lower taxes because they make all their money from casinos.
3. French college is free, overcrowded, “survival of the fittest.”
4. Académie Française.
            “40 immortels”
            Cardinal Richelieu
            Decide to add/rewrite the French dictionary
            Elected for life.
5. Haiti-            other half is Hispanola (Dominican Republic)
                        1st country of slaves to become independent of France
                                    Toussaint L’Ouverture
                                    La grève-strike
6. Martinique and Guadeloupe - parts of mainland France
                                                D.O.M. (dept. outre mer)
7. Language police in Quebec (and Montreal), schools are in French first, then English

Random:

Franco-phone-French speaking countries.